{"id":10690,"date":"2018-04-20T18:30:59","date_gmt":"2018-04-20T17:30:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.riskinsight-wavestone.com\/?p=10690\/"},"modified":"2020-01-02T13:44:24","modified_gmt":"2020-01-02T12:44:24","slug":"cambridge-analytica-quels-enseignements-peut-on-deja-en-tirer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.riskinsight-wavestone.com\/en\/2018\/04\/cambridge-analytica-quels-enseignements-peut-on-deja-en-tirer\/","title":{"rendered":"Cambridge Analytica, quels enseignements peut-on en tirer ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le scandale Cambridge Analytica \u00e9branle Facebook. Avec la fuite des donn\u00e9es personnelles de 87 millions d\u2019utilisateurs de Facebook vers la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e Cambridge Analytica, ce sont les pratiques parfois peu scrupuleuses des g\u00e9ants de la Silicon Valley qui sont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es au grand jour. Les r\u00e9percussions de cette affaire se font d\u00e9j\u00e0 ressentir (appels au boycott, CEO de Facebook auditionn\u00e9 au S\u00e9nat am\u00e9ricain, etc.). Mais que peut-on d\u00e9j\u00e0 retenir de cette affaire ?<\/em><\/p>\n

Rappel des faits<\/h2>\n

Cambridge Analytica est un cabinet sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans l\u2019analyse de donn\u00e9es\u00a0; l\u2019entreprise a pour ambition de disposer d\u2019une large base de donn\u00e9es d\u2019utilisateurs et ainsi revendre ses analyses et le profilage de diff\u00e9rentes personnes \u00e0 ses clients.<\/p>\n

D\u00e8s lors, Aleksandr Kogan, psychologue sous contrat de prestation pour Cambridge Analytica, cr\u00e9e une petite application Facebook contenant un quiz de personnalit\u00e9. Afin de r\u00e9aliser ce test de personnalit\u00e9, les utilisateurs de l\u2019application doivent donner acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leurs donn\u00e9es Facebook ainsi que celles de leurs \u00ab\u00a0amis\u00a0\u00bb au psychologue. Il indique toutefois \u00e0 Facebook et aux utilisateurs que leurs donn\u00e9es ne sont collect\u00e9es qu\u2019\u00e0 des fins de recherche.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e8s rapidement, Kogan collecte les donn\u00e9es Facebook de 87 millions de personnes \u00e0 partir d\u2019une base de 270\u00a0000 utilisateurs de son application. Kogan transmet ensuite \u00e0 Cambridge Analytica l\u2019ensemble de sa base de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins de cat\u00e9gorisation en diff\u00e9rents profils,\u00a0trompant ainsi les utilisateurs sur l\u2019utilisation de leurs donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Qu’est ce qui pose probl\u00e8me dans ce transfert de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 Cambridge Analytica ?<\/h2>\n

En analysant cette affaire au regard des principes du RGPD, le fameux r\u00e8glement europ\u00e9en sur la protection des donn\u00e9es \u00e0 caract\u00e8re personnel qui entre en vigueur le 25 mai prochain, deux points majeurs posent probl\u00e8me pour la protection de la vie priv\u00e9e dans ce transfert de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 Cambridge Anaytica\u00a0:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Le d\u00e9tournement de finalit\u00e9 de l\u2019usage des donn\u00e9es<\/li>\n
  2. L\u2019absence de consentement pour transf\u00e9rer ces donn\u00e9es \u00e0 Cambridge Analytica<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Le d\u00e9tournement de la finalit\u00e9 de l’usage des donn\u00e9es<\/h3>\n

    En effet, lors de la collecte initiale des donn\u00e9es, Aleksandr Kogan indiquait que ces donn\u00e9es ne seraient utilis\u00e9es qu\u2019\u00e0 des fins de recherche acad\u00e9mique. En pratique, Cambridge Analytica a utilis\u00e9 cette base de donn\u00e9es pour faire du profilage des personnes concern\u00e9es et proposer des campagnes publicitaires cibl\u00e9es \u00e0 la demande de ses clients. Les utilisateurs ont donc vu leurs donn\u00e9es utilis\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins qu\u2019ils n\u2019avaient pas envisag\u00e9es, engendrant un vrai sentiment d\u2019intrusion dans la vie priv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

    L’absence de consentement sur le transfert des donn\u00e9es<\/h3>\n

    Autant les utilisateurs du quiz de personnalit\u00e9 avaient donn\u00e9 leur consentement pour que leurs donn\u00e9es soient transmises \u00e0 un tiers, autant les \u00ab\u00a0amis\u00a0\u00bb de ces utilisateurs n\u2019ont jamais consenti explicitement \u00e0 cela. C\u2019est donc tout le syst\u00e8me de gestion des consentements utilisateurs de Facebook qui est en cause.<\/p>\n

    En 2015, cette \u00ab\u00a0faille\u00a0\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e \u00e0 Facebook qui l\u2019a corrig\u00e9e par la suite. Cette approche de correction a posteriori est la posture adopt\u00e9e par Facebook depuis des ann\u00e9es. Rappelons que le mod\u00e8le initial du site \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s ouvert, avec la possibilit\u00e9 de voir les profils de tous \u00e0 sa cr\u00e9ation. Petit \u00e0 petit, les param\u00e8tres de confidentialit\u00e9 sont arriv\u00e9s pour la plupart suite \u00e0 des incidents ult\u00e9rieurs.<\/p>\n

    Une prise de conscience aux Etats-Unis sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de prot\u00e9ger la vie priv\u00e9e des personnes<\/h2>\n

    80% des personnes concern\u00e9es par cette fuite de donn\u00e9es sont des citoyens am\u00e9ricains. Cette affaire a de nombreuses r\u00e9percussions aux Etats-Unis. Surtout, les autorit\u00e9s am\u00e9ricaines tout comme le grand public prennent conscience de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de prot\u00e9ger la vie priv\u00e9e des citoyens am\u00e9ricains. Ainsi, Mark Zuckerberg, CEO de Facebook, a \u00e9t\u00e9 auditionn\u00e9 au S\u00e9nat am\u00e9ricain (une premi\u00e8re pour lui, plus habitu\u00e9 \u00e0 faire t\u00e9moigner ses lieutenants) pour s\u2019expliquer sur le scandale\u00a0; mais ce sont aussi les pratiques et le business model<\/em> de Facebook qui sont remis en cause au S\u00e9nat (par exemple pendant\u00a0l\u2019intervention<\/a> du S\u00e9nateur Richard Blumenthal lors des auditions de Mark Zuckerberg).<\/p>\n

    Des voix s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8vent aussi aux Etats-Unis pour demander un durcissement des lois sur la protection des donn\u00e9es personnelles, notamment sur l\u2019obligation de collecter le consentement pour certains traitements de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 caract\u00e8re personnel. Certains voudraient m\u00eame que le RGPD europ\u00e9en soit transpos\u00e9 dans la l\u00e9gislation am\u00e9ricaine. Ainsi, deux s\u00e9nateurs am\u00e9ricains ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 propos\u00e9 un projet de loi<\/a> nomm\u00e9 CONSENT Act qui reprend quelques grands principes du RGPD (opt-in ou consentement actif obligatoire, notification des autorit\u00e9s de contr\u00f4le et de personnes concern\u00e9es en cas de fuite de donn\u00e9es, transparence, etc.).<\/p>\n

    C\u2019est donc une v\u00e9ritable prise de conscience qui s\u2019op\u00e8re aux Etats-Unis sur le sujet de la protection des donn\u00e9es personnelles. C\u2019est un changement majeur dans un pays qui traditionnellement a une faible sensibilit\u00e9 sur ces sujets.<\/p>\n

    Les utilisateurs doivent rester vigilants sur leurs consentements donn\u00e9s sur Facebook<\/h2>\n

    Plus largement, c\u2019est aussi la gestion des consentements des utilisateurs de Facebook qui fait d\u00e9bat. M\u00eame si Facebook propose d\u00e9sormais un nouveau centre de confidentialit\u00e9<\/a> qui permet de g\u00e9rer finement les consentements accord\u00e9s \u00e0 chaque application, l\u2019utilisateur doit rester vigilant quant aux consentements qu\u2019il a donn\u00e9. En accordant un consentement assez permissif \u00e0 une application Facebook, celle-ci pourra r\u00e9aliser des op\u00e9rations qui auront un impact important sur la vie priv\u00e9e de l\u2019utilisateur sans que cela ne soit interdit par la loi (au sens du RGPD).<\/p>\n

    Alors que l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur du RGPD au 25 mai prochain approche \u00e0 grand pas, cette affaire tombe \u00e0 point nomm\u00e9 pour rappeler la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de prendre en compte les enjeux de protection de la vie priv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

    Et Facebook r\u00e9agit donc fortement, en mettant en avant les principes du RGPD durant ses auditions au Congr\u00e8s mais aussi en d\u00e9clenchant une campagne de publicit\u00e9 ad hoc<\/em> et en avertissant tous ses utilisateurs quant aux changements dans la gestion des consentements. Cela sera-t-il suffisant pour restaurer la confiance et \u00eatre en conformit\u00e9 aux nouvelles r\u00e9glementations\u00a0? L\u2019avenir nous le dira mais le chemin promet d\u2019\u00eatre long<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Le scandale Cambridge Analytica \u00e9branle Facebook. Avec la fuite des donn\u00e9es personnelles de 87 millions d\u2019utilisateurs de Facebook vers la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e Cambridge Analytica, ce sont les pratiques parfois peu scrupuleuses des g\u00e9ants de la Silicon Valley qui sont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1286,"featured_media":10695,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"page-templates\/tmpl-one.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,3226],"tags":[2958,2959,3299,2960,1240,2842,413],"coauthors":[2847],"class_list":["post-10690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cybersecurity-digital-trust","category-digital-compliance","tag-cambridge-analytica","tag-consentement","tag-digital-privacy","tag-eu","tag-fuite-de-donnees","tag-rgpd","tag-vie-privee"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCambridge Analytica, quels enseignements en tirer ? - Risk Insight<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.riskinsight-wavestone.com\/en\/2018\/04\/cambridge-analytica-quels-enseignements-peut-on-deja-en-tirer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cambridge Analytica, quels enseignements en tirer ? - Risk Insight\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le scandale Cambridge Analytica \u00e9branle Facebook. 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