{"id":29022,"date":"2026-02-18T16:42:58","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T15:42:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.riskinsight-wavestone.com\/?p=29022"},"modified":"2026-02-20T16:05:36","modified_gmt":"2026-02-20T15:05:36","slug":"post-quantum-cryptography-for-products-ot-from-trends-to-industrial-reality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.riskinsight-wavestone.com\/en\/2026\/02\/post-quantum-cryptography-for-products-ot-from-trends-to-industrial-reality\/","title":{"rendered":"Post-Quantum Cryptography for\u00a0products\u00a0&\u00a0OT:\u00a0From trends to industrial reality"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Post-Quantum Cryptography<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>(PQC)<\/span><\/b>\u00a0has\u00a0fueled\u00a0debates\u00a0for years, but since the\u00a0<\/span>European Commission\u2019s\u00a0June 2025\u00a0communication\u00a0<\/span><\/b>on the PQC transition roadmap<\/span><\/b><\/a>,\u00a0the acceleration is undeniable.\u00a0It\u00a0is\u00a0no\u00a0longer\u00a0a question of \u201cif\u201d but rather \u201cwhen\u201d,\u00a0quantum computing will\u00a0disrupt\u00a0our cryptographic\u00a0foundations.\u00a0As\u00a0the\u00a0Wavestone\u00a0RiskInsight\u00a0article\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00ab\u00a0Quantum computing and post-quantum cryptography: what strategy should companies adopt to deal with these issues?\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>reminds us,\u00a0this\u00a0subject shifts from\u00a0a long-term perspective\u00a0to a\u00a0<\/span>strategic imperative\u00a0<\/span><\/b>for\u00a0CISOs, CTOs\u00a0and\u00a0product\u00a0teams. How does that change your\u00a0<\/span>industrial environments\u00a0<\/span><\/b>as well as your\u00a0<\/span>smart products<\/span><\/b>, and how to act as of now?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Quantum\u00a0Threats:\u00a0a new era for industrial cryptography<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\n

Quantum computing represents a threat to traditional cryptographic algorithms which guarantee integrity, authenticity and confidentiality of communications, including those of OT systems and products. Even if \u201c<\/span>Q-Day<\/span><\/b>\u201d (the day quantum computers will break current cryptography) is still several years away, the risk is already present: threat actors can already use <\/span>\u00ab\u202f<\/span><\/b>H<\/span><\/i><\/b>arvest\u00a0Now,\u00a0Decrypt\u00a0Later<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u202f\u00bb<\/span><\/b> attacks by storing encrypted data today to decrypt them as soon as current cryptographic algorithms are broken. Another risk, just as critical, is already appearing:\u00a0<\/span>\u00ab<\/span><\/b>\u202f<\/span><\/b>Trust\u00a0Now, Forge\u00a0Later<\/span><\/b>\u202f<\/span><\/b>\u00bb<\/span><\/b>. Digital signatures or certificates seen as reliable today could be falsified tomorrow, allowing transparent deployment of malwares or even compromising supply chains. Unlike progressive data breach, this attack triggers <\/span>an immediate collapse of trust and integrity<\/span><\/b>, with massive impacts on\u00a0<\/span>industrial environments<\/span><\/b>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span>smart products<\/span><\/b>. With the <\/span>European roadmap<\/span><\/b>, structuring 2026, 2030 and 2035, the question hinges on the sequencing of the transition.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Within the\u00a0industrial sector, where assets\u00a0are used for\u00a0<\/span>multiple\u00a0decades<\/span><\/b>, this represents a major concern: OT environments and embedded products depend on critical cryptographic usage that will be directly impacted by the arrival of post-quantum algorithms.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Key OT and product use cases include:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Secure\u00a0administration of OT systems and products<\/span><\/b>:\u00a0guarantee\u00a0the integrity and confidentiality of operations.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Digital signatures and\u00a0firmware integrity<\/span><\/b>: guarantee\u00a0the reliability of\u00a0software updates (secure boot, code signing, X.509\u2026).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Secure\u00a0remote\u00a0access\u00a0to industrial assets and products<\/span><\/b>: protect VPN,\u00a0SSH, RDP\u00a0connections\u00a0as well as other protocols from future attacks.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Data exchanges IT\/OT<\/span><\/b>: secure flows between information systems\u00a0and industrial environments (TLS, MQTTS, HTTPS\u2026).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Data confidentiality\u00a0of industrial processes<\/span><\/b>: preserve the confidentiality of\u00a0sensitive data in transit or\u00a0at rest.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Secure logging and event history<\/span><\/b>: ensure the traceability and integrity of logs and historical data.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

    PQC\u00a0for\u00a0OT &\u00a0Products:\u00a0Address\u00a0the constraints while preserving crypto-agility<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\n

    OT & Products\u00a0context:\u00a0specific constraints<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

    OT systems\u00a0and products were never conceived for\u00a0<\/span>crypto-agility<\/span><\/b>. Numerous industrial protocols, for instance DNP3, Modbus or MQTT, are\u00a0not\u00a0encrypted\u00a0as of today because OT architecture historically depends\u00a0more on network isolation than on cryptography,\u00a0thus there is no reason to think they will be\u00a0encrypted tomorrow\u00a0with post-quantum algorithms.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nevertheless,\u00a0encrypted communications will undergo this cryptographic\u00a0disruption.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    In a second step, multiple OT devices face significant hardware constraints (CPU, memory, storage capacity) and have a very long lifespan, often between 10 and 30 years. Those characteristics make updates difficult and expensive: secure remote update mechanisms are still rare, and firmware signing is not consistently implemented, which is in fact bad practice.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Those constraints explain why OT environments cannot integrate new\u00a0cryptographic\u00a0primitives\u00a0at the same speed as IT, and why PQC\u00a0isn\u2019t\u00a0yet natively\u00a0considered.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nevertheless, even if current products and OT systems aren\u2019t conceived for post-quantum cryptography, the emergence of PQC standards, the evolution of regulatory obligations and the rise of risks linked to quantum computing make this transition essential in the medium term.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

    Making crypto-agility operational for the industry and products<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

    The scoping\u00a0of the PQC project for Products and OT can be\u00a0broken down\u00a0into\u00a0four main\u00a0components:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    1. Conduct the cryptographical inventory and prioritize critical assets <\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Start\u00a0the dialogue\u00a0with your\u00a0cryptographic platform providers (PKI, KMS, HSM)\u00a0now,\u00a0to\u00a0anticipate\u00a0the migration.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    2. Conceive and deploy crypto-agile architectures<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Rely\u00a0exclusively on NIST-standardized algorithms (for instance:\u00a0<\/span>ML-KEM, ML-DSA, SLH-DSA<\/span><\/b>)\u00a0and\u00a0prohibit any\u00a0<\/span>internal development<\/span><\/b>\u00a0or\u00a0<\/span>non-standard<\/span><\/b>\u00a0library for cryptographical components;\u00a0prioritizing validated and proven solutions.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Conceiving crypto-agile architecture implies accounting for the\u00a0<\/span>embedded aspect and its constraints<\/span><\/b>\u00a0(limited memory,\u00a0PCBs, energy resources). The implementation of PQC algorithms on those systems\u00a0remains\u00a0uncertain. Nevertheless, optimized algorithms for embedded systems are starting to\u00a0emerge\u00a0and open the way to its realistic adoption.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. Progressively migrate through hybridization and iteration <\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Transition towards post-quantum cryptography cannot be\u00a0approached as a one-off project or a \u201cone-shot\u201d migration.\u00a0<\/span>It is an iterative process\u00a0that must be managed and governed over time,\u00a0by starting with hybridization of algorithms:<\/span>\u00a0this\u00a0is explicitly recommended by\u00a0ANSSI\u00a0(France\u2019s National\u00a0Cybersecurity\u00a0Agency)\u00a0and the European Commission.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Crypto-agility\u00a0isn\u2019t\u00a0an option, but a necessity to ensure\u00a0resilience\u00a0and compliance\u00a0for\u00a0industrial\u00a0environments\u00a0and products\u00a0from the quantum threat.\u00a0This depends on a\u00a0<\/span>structured\u00a0approach, driven by\u00a0inventory, architecture, hybrid\u00a0migration\u00a0and governance.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Operational feedback\u00a0&\u00a0concrete use cases:\u00a0stakeholders\u00a0at\u00a0different stages<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\n

    Our field experience reveals a noteworthy maturity gap between two\u00a0industrial\u00a0organizations\u00a0when dealing with post-quantum\u00a0cryptography:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    1. Organizations with a rudimentary understanding<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u00a0Observation<\/span><\/b>:\u00a0In\u00a0numerous\u00a0industrial environments, PQC\u00a0remains\u00a0an abstract concept, often seen as distant or limited to experts.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Symptoms<\/span><\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n
        \n
      • Operational and business teams\u00a0aren\u2019t\u00a0part of strategic deliberations on cryptography.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Current roadmaps lack maturity and\u00a0clarity<\/span><\/b>;\u00a0the underlying\u00a0projects\u00a0costs\u00a0are often\u00a0underestimated. Priority\u00a0remains\u00a0on service availability;\u00a0quantum security is\u00a0therefore deprioritized.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      • HNDL & TNFL<\/span><\/b>\u00a0concepts\u00a0are\u00a0poorly\u00a0understood, if not outright ignored.<\/span> \u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • Risks<\/span><\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n
          \n
        • Disruption of\u00a0industrial production processes and\u00a0data\u00a0breaches<\/span><\/b>: vulnerable communications between\u00a0critical\u00a0assets, based on outdated algorithms, expose sensitive data and can cause interruptions or major disturbances in industrial operations (loss of integrity of the data).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Production downtime caused by abrupt\u00a0migration:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0A forced transition towards post-quantum cryptography, without preparation nor\u00a0crypto-agility, can lead to production interruptions, significant\u00a0additional\u00a0costs\u00a0and severe impacts on operational continuity.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          2. Product suppliers: pioneers already undergoing industrialization<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Observation:\u00a0<\/span><\/b>On the contrary,\u00a0some product suppliers\u00a0are already ahead\u00a0(including\u00a0automotive and smart objects).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Symptoms:\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>\n
              \n
            • PQC projects are prioritized\u00a0over critical use\u00a0cases:\u00a0firmware\u00a0and update\u00a0signatures\u00a0(OTA),\u00a0device identity management,\u00a0secure\u00a0remote\u00a0access, etc.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Pilot projects are being launched on product lines or representative environments, with concrete feedback on performance,\u00a0compatibility\u00a0and robustness of hybrid solutions\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
            • The process is being industrialized:\u00a0Integration of\u00a0PQC clauses in supplier contracts, automation of cryptographic inventory\u00a0<\/span>CBOM<\/span><\/b>, team upskilling, and dedicated governance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Conclusion &\u00a0Roadmap:\u00a0Take action to\u00a0build\u00a0a quantum-safe future<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\n

              Quantum threat\u00a0is no longer a distant prospect: it already\u00a0demands a significant transformation of industrial and product cybersecurity.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Plan ahead to protect the future<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Demystify quantum concepts and\u00a0incorporate\u00a0them\u00a0in\u00a0your cybersecurity processes,\u00a0including\u00a0your products, your OT\u00a0environments\u00a0or your IT systems. Planning ahead is the key to\u00a0preventing\u00a0a major\u00a0disruption.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Make crypto-agility a strategic vision<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Stop viewing it as merely a technical project, but as a pillar of your resilience and of your\u00a0digital sovereignty. Build a\u00a0clear roadmap, with\u00a0milestones in the short,\u00a0medium\u00a0and long term.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Rely on trusted partners<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    The market is ready: experts and solutions exist to\u00a0support\u00a0you\u00a0through the modernization and\u00a0securing of your critical infrastructure.\u00a0Don\u2019t\u00a0face complexity on your own.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Industrialize the process<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Move from pilot projects to broader rollout:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Implement a PQC strategy to map out,\u00a0prioritize\u00a0and pilot the migration of critical uses (include\u00a0PQC clauses in contracts).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Start a transition program to modernize\u00a0trust\u00a0infrastructure components (PKI, CLM, HSM), automate the\u00a0inventory\u00a0and ensure the\u00a0operational continuity.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Rely on\u00a0peers\u2019\u00a0feedback\u00a0as well as feedback from sectors already engaged in PQC.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                        Quantum risk is already there:\u00a0weakened asymmetric encryption, leaving signatures and data exposed.\u00a0<\/strong><\/h6>\n

                        As\u00a0mentioned\u00a0previously, we\u00a0start from the observation that elements that\u00a0aren\u2019t\u00a0encrypted today in OT environments\u00a0are not meant to be encrypted tomorrow with post-quantum algorithms, because already existing measures ensure a risk level judged acceptable.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                        In other words, PQC\u00a0doesn\u2019t\u00a0aim to transform the entirety of OT, but to protect the uses that\u00a0<\/span>really rely on cryptographical components\u00a0exposed to quantum risk.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                        However, this observation\u00a0doesn\u2019t\u00a0reduce the importance of\u00a0planning.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                        The two priorities\u00a0remain\u00a0as\u00a0follows:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h6>\n
                          \n
                        • Migrate your assets before 2030 and\u00a0act today to protect data confidentiality<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                        • Define your\u00a0perimeter,\u00a0build your roadmap, and\u00a0above all, begin\u00a0the migration process today.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          Post-Quantum Cryptography\u00a0(PQC)\u00a0has\u00a0fueled\u00a0debates\u00a0for years, but since the\u00a0European Commission\u2019s\u00a0June 2025\u00a0communication\u00a0on the PQC transition roadmap,\u00a0the acceleration is undeniable.\u00a0It\u00a0is\u00a0no\u00a0longer\u00a0a question of \u201cif\u201d but rather \u201cwhen\u201d,\u00a0quantum computing will\u00a0disrupt\u00a0our cryptographic\u00a0foundations.\u00a0As\u00a0the\u00a0Wavestone\u00a0RiskInsight\u00a0article\u00a0\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Quantum computing and post-quantum cryptography: what strategy should companies adopt to deal with these issues?\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0reminds us,\u00a0this\u00a0subject shifts…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":29044,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"page-templates\/tmpl-one.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3922,3274],"tags":[],"coauthors":[4363,3789,4930,3141],"class_list":["post-29022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deep-dive-en","category-manufacturing-industry-4-0-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPost-Quantum Cryptography for\u00a0products\u00a0&\u00a0OT:\u00a0From trends to industrial reality - RiskInsight<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.riskinsight-wavestone.com\/en\/2026\/02\/post-quantum-cryptography-for-products-ot-from-trends-to-industrial-reality\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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