{"id":8265,"date":"2015-09-17T11:00:12","date_gmt":"2015-09-17T10:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.solucominsight.fr\/?p=8265"},"modified":"2019-12-31T10:32:35","modified_gmt":"2019-12-31T09:32:35","slug":"cybersecurite-dans-laerien-pirater-un-avion-cest-possible","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.riskinsight-wavestone.com\/en\/2015\/09\/cybersecurite-dans-laerien-pirater-un-avion-cest-possible\/","title":{"rendered":"Cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans l\u2019a\u00e9rien : pirater un avion, c\u2019est possible ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nous avons vu dans notre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent article<\/a> que les risques de piratage des syst\u00e8mes de contr\u00f4le au sol \u00e9taient bien r\u00e9els et pouvaient potentiellement immobiliser une flotte de plusieurs dizaines d\u2019avions pendant plusieurs heures. Mais il existe d\u2019autres mani\u00e8res de pirater un avion. Ainsi, en avril dernier, le consultant en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 Chris Roberts a publi\u00e9 sur Twitter qu\u2019il \u00e9tait parvenu \u00e0 s\u2019introduire dans le syst\u00e8me de navigation et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a> d\u2019un avion alors qu\u2019il se trouvait \u00e0 bord.<\/p>\n

Il ne s\u2019agit pas de la seule m\u00e9thode qui peut \u00eatre imagin\u00e9e pour pirater un avion, et la maintenance au sol peut aussi \u00eatre un moment de choix pour s\u2019infiltrer dans le syst\u00e8me informatique d\u2019un avion.
\nQuels sont les risques\u00a0et comment s\u2019en pr\u00e9munir\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Piratage d\u2019un avion depuis le si\u00e8ge passager\u00a0: un sc\u00e9nario probable\u00a0?<\/h2>\n

Si le r\u00e9cit fait par Chris Roberts a rendu quelques experts dubitatifs<\/a>, le FBI prend la menace tr\u00e8s au s\u00e9rieux. En effet, l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement a suscit\u00e9 l\u2019ouverture d\u2019un mandat d\u2019investigation. Celui-ci a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que le mat\u00e9riel saisi \u00e0 sa descente d\u2019avion par le bureau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral se composait notamment d\u2019un c\u00e2ble r\u00e9seau modifi\u00e9 qui lui aurait permis de connecter son ordinateur au syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n

Quelle r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du risque\u00a0?<\/h3>\n

L\u2019utilisation de plus en plus courante de technologies standardis\u00e9es ou universelles (type port Ethernet) \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence des particularit\u00e9s de la construction a\u00e9ronautique conduit \u00e0 faciliter les cyberattaques puisqu\u2019elles n\u00e9cessitent moins de connaissances sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 l\u2019aviation.<\/p>\n

En raison de l\u2019utilisation de r\u00e9seaux multiplex\u00e9s, des passerelles existent entre le syst\u00e8me destin\u00e9 aux passagers et le syst\u00e8me avionique qui permet de contr\u00f4ler l\u2019avion (navigation, communication, pilote automatique\u2026).<\/p>\n

Quels scenarii de risque\u00a0?<\/h3>\n

Plusieurs scenarii peuvent \u00eatre imagin\u00e9s \u00e0 partir de ces risques d\u2019intrusion. En effet, le piratage des outils informatiques des autres passagers par le biais du WiFi ou d\u2019un c\u00e2ble Ethernet branch\u00e9 sur le syst\u00e8me ouvert est une possibilit\u00e9. Il serait \u00e9galement possible d\u2019acc\u00e9der aux informations de communication de l\u2019avion pour diffuser de faux messages sur les \u00e9crans des passagers afin de cr\u00e9er des mouvements de panique.<\/p>\n

Mais on pourrait \u00e9galement imaginer des injections de logiciels malveillants, des actions sur des syst\u00e8mes critiques (d\u00e9sactivation ou activation d\u2019\u00e9quipements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9\u2026).<\/p>\n

Maintenance au sol\u00a0: des avions connect\u00e9s par 3G ou Wi-Fi<\/h2>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, les op\u00e9rations de maintenance logicielle sur les avions les plus modernes (B787, A380 et A350) peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9es \u00e0 distance. Elles n\u00e9cessitent une suite logicielle sol, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par le constructeur, d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e dans la zone de confiance de la compagnie. Ce syst\u00e8me sol communique avec l\u2019appareil, lorsqu\u2019il est au sol uniquement, par une connexion 3G ou Wi-Fi avec l\u2019avion afin d\u2019op\u00e9rer diverses op\u00e9rations de maintenance informatique. La cha\u00eene de liaison se veut tr\u00e8s s\u00e9curis\u00e9e\u00a0: infrastructure d\u2019authentification en partie cloisonn\u00e9e, lien VPN, signature de tous les composants. N\u00e9anmoins, elle constitue une faille potentielle suppl\u00e9mentaire d\u2019intrusion et de corruption du syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n

Quels risques peuvent \u00eatre identifi\u00e9s\u00a0?<\/h3>\n

Dans ce cas de figure, le risque de sabotage est pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant. Les fonctions avioniques critiques ont peu de chances d\u2019\u00eatre touch\u00e9es. Mais des donn\u00e9es EFB erron\u00e9es donneraient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des sueurs froides aux pilotes. Les EFB (Electronic Flight Bag) sont des \u00e9quipements d\u2019aide au vol (carte, approche d\u2019a\u00e9roport, proc\u00e9dures\u2026). Une intervention frauduleuse sur ces donn\u00e9es semble alors plus probable par une corruption du syst\u00e8me que par une attaque directe de l\u2019avion. En effet, elle ne permettrait pas de contourner les m\u00e9canismes de signature \u00e9lectronique. N\u00e9anmoins, elle est loin d\u2019\u00eatre infaillible. En effet, de nombreuses attaques reposent d\u00e9sormais sur du vol de certificats, voire des attaques par rebond visant d\u00e9j\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9metteur des certificats afin de produire des certificats falsifi\u00e9s, qui permettent par la suite de conduire l\u2019attaque finale.<\/p>\n

Comment att\u00e9nuer les risques\u00a0?<\/h3>\n

Face \u00e0 la multiplication des cyberattaques, une coordination europ\u00e9enne est n\u00e9cessaire pour mettre \u00e0 jour les m\u00e9canismes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Elle permettrait d\u2019assurer leur bon d\u00e9roulement, afin de tenir compte des attaques et des failles les plus r\u00e9centes. Elle d\u00e9velopperait \u00e9galement davantage la certification des syst\u00e8mes au sol comme \u00e0 bord. Ces op\u00e9rations sont potentiellement complexes dans le monde de l\u2019a\u00e9rien avec les principes de certification des \u00e9quipements.<\/p>\n

La mise en place d\u2019une \u00e9valuation du risque selon une approche holistique, qui prendrait en compte tous les cas de figure possibles (risques internes et externes \u00e0 l\u2019entreprise), permettrait une meilleure identification des acteurs se connectant aux syst\u00e8mes impliqu\u00e9s dans le fonctionnement de l\u2019aviation civile.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9centes annonces<\/a> sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des automobiles connect\u00e9es montrent que les probl\u00e8mes de cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 sont de plus en plus pr\u00e9gnants dans les syst\u00e8mes embarqu\u00e9s, quel que soit le secteur d\u2019activit\u00e9\u00a0!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nous avons vu dans notre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent article que les risques de piratage des syst\u00e8mes de contr\u00f4le au sol \u00e9taient bien r\u00e9els et pouvaient potentiellement immobiliser une flotte de plusieurs dizaines d\u2019avions pendant plusieurs heures. Mais il existe d\u2019autres mani\u00e8res de…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":8269,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"page-templates\/tmpl-one.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,3227,42],"tags":[1241,3300,327,310,226],"coauthors":[837,1547],"class_list":["post-8265","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cybersecurity-digital-trust","category-manufacturing-industry-4-0","category-transport","tag-cyberattaque","tag-manuf-industry-4-0","tag-piratage","tag-risque","tag-transport-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans l\u2019a\u00e9rien : pirater un avion, c\u2019est possible ? - RiskInsight<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.riskinsight-wavestone.com\/2015\/09\/cybersecurite-dans-laerien-pirater-un-avion-cest-possible\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans l\u2019a\u00e9rien : pirater un avion, c\u2019est possible ? - RiskInsight\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nous avons vu dans notre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent article que les risques de piratage des syst\u00e8mes de contr\u00f4le au sol \u00e9taient bien r\u00e9els et pouvaient potentiellement immobiliser une flotte de plusieurs dizaines d\u2019avions pendant plusieurs heures. 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