{"id":8741,"date":"2016-02-01T15:36:28","date_gmt":"2016-02-01T14:36:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.solucominsight.fr\/?p=8741"},"modified":"2016-02-04T14:58:13","modified_gmt":"2016-02-04T13:58:13","slug":"collectivites-digital-think-digital-act-local","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.riskinsight-wavestone.com\/en\/2016\/02\/collectivites-digital-think-digital-act-local\/","title":{"rendered":"Collectivit\u00e9s & digital : think global, act local"},"content":{"rendered":"

Collectivit\u00e9s territoriales et transformation digitale\u00a0: deux univers que tout semble opposer. Si l\u2019on en juge par les investissements en hausse dans le digital, malgr\u00e9 des budgets globalement en baisse dans le secteur public, les mutations qui s\u2019op\u00e8rent dans notre \u00e9conomie et nos technologies sont loin d\u2019\u00eatre pourtant l\u2019apanage du priv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9formes publiques, moteur de la transformation digitale des collectivit\u00e9s territoriales en France<\/h2>\n

Tir\u00e9es par des r\u00e9glementations et une dynamique imposant \u00e0 la fois une ma\u00eetrise des d\u00e9penses publiques et un renouveau dans la relation avec l\u2019usager, les collectivit\u00e9s territoriales sont bien engag\u00e9es dans une r\u00e9volution num\u00e9rique.<\/strong> Celle-ci s\u2019accompagne d\u2019une transformation profonde du service public de proximit\u00e9 visant \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des \u00e9conomies tout en cr\u00e9ant de la valeur, comme en t\u00e9moignent les initiatives autour de la Smart City. Au-del\u00e0 d\u2019une simple informatisation, c\u2019est une v\u00e9ritable optimisation qui s\u2019op\u00e8re, dans laquelle le digital joue un r\u00f4le central<\/strong>\u00a0: am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des services existants, d\u00e9velopper la transparence et favoriser les d\u00e9marches participatives des citoyens.<\/p>\n

Force est de constater que le large spectre de comp\u00e9tences des collectivit\u00e9s laisse toute sa place au num\u00e9rique. Gestion\u00a0 de l\u2019\u00e9tat civil, de la voirie publique, mobilit\u00e9 et organisation des transports, collecte des d\u00e9chets, distribution de l\u2019eau et de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, enseignement, culture, patrimoine : nombreuses sont les activit\u00e9s pouvant tirer profit de cette modernisation, et notamment de l\u2019internet des objets pour la gestion de l\u2019\u00e9clairage public, de l\u2019information urbaine ou encore de la signalisation. Si les outils collaboratifs et la d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialisation des documents et des processus arrivent en t\u00eate des projets num\u00e9riques des collectivit\u00e9s, encourag\u00e9s notamment par l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialiser les factures \u00e0 partir de 2017, les enjeux d\u2019attractivit\u00e9 du territoire conduisent de plus en plus les \u00e9lus \u00e0 investir dans les outils d\u2019analyse et de surveillance du territoire (monitoring urbain), de services aux usagers et de modernisation des infrastructures.<\/p>\n

La transformation num\u00e9rique territoriale\u00a0: un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me diversifi\u00e9<\/h2>\n

\u00c0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des collectivit\u00e9s territoriales tout d\u2019abord, si la r\u00e9volution num\u00e9rique fait passer la DSI des collectivit\u00e9s d\u2019un centre de co\u00fbt \u00e0 un r\u00f4le de cr\u00e9ateur de valeur, elle n\u2019est pas le seul acteur de la transformation locale. La direction de la communication est depuis toujours son interlocuteur privil\u00e9gi\u00e9, tout particuli\u00e8rement en ce qui concerne la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019information des usagers. La direction financi\u00e8re n\u2019est pas en reste, comme nous l\u2019avons observ\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, avec les nombreuses d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialisations en cours (d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialisation des \u00e9changes avec le tr\u00e9sor public) et \u00e0 venir. Dans certaines collectivit\u00e9s, on voit m\u00eame s\u2019ouvrir des postes ou des directions de la transformation num\u00e9rique, sans que ses membres n\u2019aient n\u00e9cessairement toute latitude pour mettre en \u0153uvre une strat\u00e9gie propre. En interne toujours, les Directions m\u00e9tiers ne sont pas en reste, et surtout la direction des relations usagers, v\u00e9ritable partenaire de la DSI qui dispose d\u2019une expertise en mati\u00e8re de parcours et de profils usagers. Se d\u00e9veloppe ainsi une approche de plus en plus transversale pour piloter la strat\u00e9gie de transformation digitale.<\/p>\n

Certaines comp\u00e9tences des collectivit\u00e9s territoriales sont \u00e9galement historiquement d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9es \u00e0 des acteurs priv\u00e9s ou d\u2019\u00e9conomie mixte. Il s\u2019agit en particulier des services de transports, de la distribution d\u2019\u00e9nergie (gaz, \u00e9lectricit\u00e9), de l\u2019eau ou encore de la collecte des d\u00e9chets. Ces op\u00e9rateurs participent donc activement aux mutations profondes du territoire et exp\u00e9rimentent m\u00eame \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle locale des projets innovants pour am\u00e9liorer leur qualit\u00e9 de service et accompagner le besoin de transparence, les nouveaux usages et les nouveaux canaux digitaux. C\u2019est le cas par exemple du groupe EDF qui au travers de son exp\u00e9rimentation Smart Electric Lyon<\/a> \u00e9quipe les clients volontaires de compteurs communicants dits \u00ab\u00a0intelligents\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Enfin n\u2019oublions pas le citoyen lui-m\u00eame qui gr\u00e2ce aux objets connect\u00e9s prend un r\u00f4le d\u2019acteur de la ville intelligente et rentre dans une v\u00e9ritable d\u00e9marche participative. S\u2019il est consommateur de l\u2019information mise \u00e0 sa disposition, le citoyen peut \u00e9galement produire de l\u2019information partag\u00e9e et cr\u00e9er de la valeur ajout\u00e9e, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse par exemple d\u2019indiquer la pr\u00e9sence \u00e9ventuelle de trous dans la chauss\u00e9e – informations agr\u00e9g\u00e9es dans des plateformes de crowdsourcing – ou encore de proposer \u00e0 la collectivit\u00e9 un service de covoiturage. Si beaucoup s\u2019interrogent encore sur l\u2019existence d\u2019une v\u00e9ritable e-d\u00e9mocratie, les technologies num\u00e9riques et les supports mobiles viennent sans nul doute d\u00e9cloisonner les donn\u00e9es et faciliter l\u2019implication citoyenne.<\/p>\n

Cartographie du territoire en temps r\u00e9el et analyse pr\u00e9dictive<\/h2>\n

Petit \u00e0 petit, un nouvel acteur \u00e9merge dans ce paysage. Il s\u2019agit des start-ups dont les solutions applicatives et les objets connect\u00e9s aident les collectivit\u00e9s \u00e0 optimiser l\u2019exploitation des r\u00e9seaux\u00a0: mesure des d\u00e9bits et de la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau, du bruit, du remplissage des poubelles, connaissance quasi-instantan\u00e9e des donn\u00e9es de consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, gestion des r\u00e9seaux urbains multimodaux\u2026<\/p>\n

Si ces capteurs permettent de visualiser et de piloter l\u2019\u00e9tat r\u00e9el des flux sous forme de cartes et de tableaux de bord personnalisables, l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des collectivit\u00e9s locales se porte de plus en plus sur l\u2019analyse de ces donn\u00e9es et la construction de mod\u00e8les pr\u00e9dictifs. Toutes les administrations publiques collectent en effet des milliers de donn\u00e9es structur\u00e9es qui pourraient \u00eatre mises \u00e0 la disposition de tiers pour le d\u00e9veloppement de nouveaux services aux citoyens et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la qualit\u00e9 de vie. Comme en t\u00e9moigne le projet de loi Touraine dont l\u2019article 47 sur l\u2019ouverture des donn\u00e9es de sant\u00e9 au public a tant fait d\u00e9bat<\/a>, cette diffusion de l\u2019information (Open Data) pose cependant des contraintes juridiques dans un cadre contractuel restant \u00e0 d\u00e9finir, et se heurte \u00e0 la volont\u00e9 des pouvoirs publics de conserver le contr\u00f4le des donn\u00e9es sensibles.<\/p>\n

L\u2019av\u00e8nement de la M\u00e9tropole, et avec lui la rationalisation de la gouvernance sur le territoire, devrait cependant ouvrir la voie \u00e0 de nouvelles initiatives dans ce domaine et faciliter le passage d\u2019une d\u00e9marche d\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation opportuniste \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019une v\u00e9ritable strat\u00e9gie locale de transformation digitale. Au-del\u00e0, l\u2019\u00c9tat doit devenir le v\u00e9ritable chef d\u2019orchestre de la r\u00e9volution num\u00e9rique en cours, et un organisme pourrait m\u00eame \u00eatre cr\u00e9\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne, pour g\u00e9rer les politiques d\u2019ouverture des donn\u00e9es des diff\u00e9rents pays de mani\u00e8re plus uniforme.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Collectivit\u00e9s territoriales et transformation digitale\u00a0: deux univers que tout semble opposer. Si l\u2019on en juge par les investissements en hausse dans le digital, malgr\u00e9 des budgets globalement en baisse dans le secteur public, les mutations qui s\u2019op\u00e8rent dans notre \u00e9conomie…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1133,"featured_media":8745,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"page-templates\/tmpl-one.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37,34],"tags":[2572,219,2573],"coauthors":[2574],"class_list":["post-8741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-digital-innovation","category-strategie-d-entreprise","tag-internet-des-objets","tag-open-data","tag-transformation-digitale"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCollectivit\u00e9s & digital : think global, act local - RiskInsight<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.riskinsight-wavestone.com\/2016\/02\/collectivites-digital-think-digital-act-local\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Collectivit\u00e9s & digital : think global, act local - RiskInsight\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Collectivit\u00e9s territoriales et transformation digitale\u00a0: deux univers que tout semble opposer. 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