{"id":8801,"date":"2016-02-22T14:28:30","date_gmt":"2016-02-22T13:28:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.solucominsight.fr\/?p=8801"},"modified":"2019-12-31T10:23:48","modified_gmt":"2019-12-31T09:23:48","slug":"choc-extreme-comment-se-preparer-a-une-crue-centennale-en-ile-de-france-22","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.riskinsight-wavestone.com\/en\/2016\/02\/choc-extreme-comment-se-preparer-a-une-crue-centennale-en-ile-de-france-22\/","title":{"rendered":"Choc extr\u00eame : comment se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 une crue centennale en \u00cele-de-France ? (2\/2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nous l’avons vu dans la premi\u00e8re partie de cet article<\/a>, le sc\u00e9nario d\u2019une crue centennale identique ou sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de 1910 est aujourd\u2019hui le sc\u00e9nario de catastrophe majeure le plus probable en \u00cele-de-France. M\u00eame si Paris est maintenant mieux prot\u00e9g\u00e9e qu\u2019en 1910, elle est \u00e9galement plus vuln\u00e9rable sur certains aspects. En effet, cette crise, multiple et complexe, couperait l\u2019\u00cele-de-France en trois zones isol\u00e9es, affecterait plus de 300 communes et toucherait tous les r\u00e9seaux d\u2019op\u00e9rateurs essentiels pour la vie \u00e9conomique et sociale de l\u2019\u00cele-de-France qui seraient rendus en grande partie indisponibles.<\/p>\n

Au vu de ces multiples impacts, une simple r\u00e9ponse \u00ab\u00a0individuelle\u00a0\u00bb de chaque organisation \u2013 bien que n\u00e9cessaire \u2013 n\u2019est pas suffisante. Une r\u00e9ponse collective doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre apport\u00e9e pour adresser l\u2019ensemble des probl\u00e9matiques. En effet, au niveau individuel, chaque acteur doit se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 la crise \u00e0 travers la mise en place d\u2019un Plan de Continuit\u00e9 d\u2019Activit\u00e9 d\u00e9di\u00e9, adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 ses m\u00e9tiers et aux sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de la crue centennale.<\/p>\n

Focus sur la pr\u00e9paration individuelle\u00a0: les quatre volets du Plan de Continuit\u00e9 d\u2019Activit\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0choc extr\u00eame\u00a0\u00bb<\/h1>\n

Nombreuses sont les entreprises disposant d\u2019un Plan de Continuit\u00e9 d\u2019Activit\u00e9 pour faire face \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents sinistres ou \u00e9v\u00e9nements pouvant impacter leur fonctionnement\u00a0: indisponibilit\u00e9 d\u2019un site, panne de SI, gr\u00e8ve de collaborateurs\u2026 La crue centennale de la Seine a la particularit\u00e9 de toucher toutes ces ressources en m\u00eame temps. Il est donc indispensable d\u2019adapter les PCA habituels pour prendre en compte les particularit\u00e9s d\u2019une crue.<\/p>\n

Ressources humaines<\/h2>\n

La crue centennale aurait un impact important sur la disponibilit\u00e9 des salari\u00e9s des entreprises en \u00cele-de-France.<\/p>\n

Tout d\u2019abord, la cons\u00e9quence directe de l\u2019indisponibilit\u00e9 des transports en commun et des axes routiers entra\u00eenerait de grandes difficult\u00e9s de d\u00e9placement pour les collaborateurs. \u00c0 noter qu\u2019au pic de crue, l\u2019\u00cele-de-France serait scind\u00e9e en trois zones \u00ab\u00a0infranchissables\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Il faut \u00e9galement prendre en compte les situations particuli\u00e8res et personnelles des collaborateurs qui auraient un impact sur leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 rejoindre les locaux ou les sites de repli (logements inond\u00e9s, \u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es\u2026).<\/p>\n

L\u2019indisponibilit\u00e9 des moyens de circulation et les contraintes personnelles des salari\u00e9s entra\u00eeneraient donc un impact fort sur le taux d\u2019absent\u00e9isme dans les entreprises, qui pourrait atteindre entre 50% et 70%. Ainsi, le sujet de l\u2019organisation et de la gestion du personnel doit \u00eatre \u00e9tudi\u00e9 en prenant en compte l\u2019aspect dynamique de l\u2019absent\u00e9isme (un collaborateur absent un jour donn\u00e9 pourrait \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent le jour suivant et inversement)\u00a0:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • d\u00e9terminer les fonctions et hommes cl\u00e9s n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la continuit\u00e9 d\u2019activit\u00e9 et instaurer leur suppl\u00e9ance (sous-traitance, int\u00e9rim\u2026)\u00a0;<\/li>\n
  • acheminer le personnel mobilis\u00e9 sur les sites de repli\u00a0;<\/li>\n
  • pr\u00e9voir h\u00e9bergement et restauration\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Prestataires de Services Essentiels Externalis\u00e9s<\/h2>\n

    Comme les autres acteurs \u00e9conomiques, les Prestataires de Services Essentiels Externalis\u00e9s (PSEE) verraient eux aussi leurs activit\u00e9s compromises par la crue. Il est donc primordial de ne pas n\u00e9gliger la d\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis de ces fournisseurs, aussi bien en amont de l\u2019activit\u00e9 (mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, services\u2026) qu\u2019en aval (distribution\u2026). Des engagements contractuels visant \u00e0 garantir l\u2019acheminement des biens ou la fourniture de services en cas de sinistre doivent donc \u00eatre d\u00e9finis et contr\u00f4l\u00e9s (audit, contr\u00f4le qu\u2019un test annuel a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9\u2026)<\/p>\n

    Sites \/ Locaux \/ Logistique<\/h2>\n

    Les locaux des entreprises (si\u00e8ge, agences\u2026) pourraient \u00eatre rendus indisponibles pendant plusieurs semaines. Il est donc indispensable de mettre en place une strat\u00e9gie de repli prenant en compte les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de la crue\u00a0: s\u00e9paration de l\u2019\u00cele-de-France en trois zones, difficult\u00e9s de d\u00e9placement, perturbation des acc\u00e8s t\u00e9l\u00e9coms\u2026 une crise pouvant durer plus d\u2019un mois. Ainsi, la strat\u00e9gie de repli doit\u00a0:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • identifier des sites \u00e0 risque\u00a0;<\/li>\n
    • choisir un site de repli accessible aux collaborateurs\u00a0;<\/li>\n
    • d\u00e9finir des ressources mat\u00e9rielles indispensables pendant la dur\u00e9e de crise\u00a0;<\/li>\n
    • assurer l\u2019acheminement des ressources pendant la dur\u00e9e de la crise\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Syst\u00e8mes d\u2019information<\/h2>\n

      Le Plan de Continuit\u00e9 Informatique est une des composantes essentielles du PCA. Donn\u00e9es, serveurs d\u2019application, infrastructure r\u00e9seau\u2026 le secours de ces ressources critiques potentiellement menac\u00e9es par une crue de la Seine est \u00e9galement une priorit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

      Nombreuses sont les entreprises qui disposent de datacenters en dehors de l\u2019\u00cele-de-France. Toutefois deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments majeurs sont \u00e0 prendre en compte lors d\u2019une crue. Tout d\u2019abord, la capacit\u00e9 des collaborateurs \u00e0 se connecter aux ressources informatiques de chez eux ou des sites de repli compte tenu des perturbations t\u00e9l\u00e9coms susmentionn\u00e9es. D\u2019autre part la s\u00e9curisation des ressources informatiques locales (applications locales, serveurs de fichiers\u2026) stock\u00e9es dans les si\u00e8ges des entreprises qui seront inond\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

      Focus sur la pr\u00e9paration collective\u00a0: l\u2019exercice \u00ab\u00a0EU SEQUANA 2016\u00a0\u00bb, simulation d\u2019une crue centennale de la Seine grandeur nature<\/h1>\n

      Pr\u00e9sentation de l\u2019exercice EU SEQUANA 2016<\/h2>\n

      L\u2019exercice EU SEQUANA 2016 est un exercice \u00ab\u00a0grandeur nature\u00a0\u00bb qui met l\u2019accent sur la coordination entre les diff\u00e9rents secteurs d\u2019activit\u00e9s de la vie \u00e9conomique francilienne ainsi que sur la coordination des organes de gestion de crise publics qui seront activ\u00e9s pour l\u2019occasion (les collectivit\u00e9s territoriales locales, le niveau zonal\/r\u00e9gional\/d\u00e9partemental, le niveau national et l\u2019Union Europ\u00e9enne via son M\u00e9canisme Europ\u00e9en de Protection Civile).<\/p>\n

      L\u2019exercice mobilisera donc de nombreux acteurs publics et priv\u00e9s pour un exercice in\u00e9dit avec plus de 90 entit\u00e9s participantes\u00a0: secteur financier, assureurs, op\u00e9rateurs t\u00e9l\u00e9com, transports, \u00e9nergies, forces arm\u00e9es, administrations\u2026<\/p>\n

      Il consistera en un d\u00e9ploiement simultan\u00e9 des Plans de Continuit\u00e9 d\u2019Activit\u00e9 et des dispositifs de gestion de crise de chaque participant. L\u2019objectif est de simuler la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la crise de la mani\u00e8re la plus r\u00e9aliste possible, les op\u00e9rateurs des r\u00e9seaux vitaux (transports, \u00e9nergie\u2026) alimentant directement les participants en stimuli.<\/p>\n

      D\u00e9roul\u00e9 et objectifs de l\u2019exercice<\/h2>\n

      L\u2019exercice aura lieu en mars 2016 et se d\u00e9roulera sur 14 jours calendaires. La premi\u00e8re semaine \u2013 du 8 mars au 11 mars 2016 \u2013 aura lieu la phase \u00ab\u00a0Crue\u00a0\u00bb de l\u2019exercice. Chaque journ\u00e9e sera d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 un niveau d\u2019eau diff\u00e9rent, les participants devront \u00e9valuer les impacts et prendre les d\u00e9cisions ad\u00e9quates pendant cette phase. Objectifs principaux pour les participants\u00a0: anticiper la mont\u00e9e des eaux \u00e0 venir et g\u00e9rer les premiers impacts constat\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

      Le weekend du 12 et 13 mars 2016, le pic de crue sera atteint, ce qui d\u00e9clenchera les dispositifs op\u00e9rationnels pr\u00e9vus en cas de crue de la Seine, notamment la collaboration europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n

      La seconde semaine \u2013 du 15 au 18 mars 2016 \u2013 aura lieu la phase \u00ab\u00a0D\u00e9crue\u00a0\u00bb de l\u2019exercice. Objectifs principaux des participants\u00a0: travailler sur le retour \u00e0 la normale et la r\u00e9silience des r\u00e9seaux.<\/p>\n

      La diff\u00e9rence sur l\u2019organisation des deux phases de l\u2019exercice tient dans les hypoth\u00e8ses de travail dont disposeront les diff\u00e9rents acteurs. En effet, de nombreuses simulations et \u00e9tudes ont permis d\u2019\u00e9tablir des hypoth\u00e8ses de travail \u00e0 partir desquelles \u00e9valuer de fa\u00e7on r\u00e9aliste les impacts d\u2019une crue de la Seine. A l\u2019oppos\u00e9, la phase de \u00ab\u00a0D\u00e9crue\u00a0\u00bb ne dispose pas de travaux aussi pouss\u00e9s en la mati\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

      Cet exercice est donc une occasion in\u00e9dite pour l\u2019ensemble des participants de relever 3 d\u00e9fis majeurs\u00a0:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • r\u00e9ussir la coordination des cellules de crise internes de chaque participant avec les cellules de crise externes qui seront activ\u00e9es\u00a0;<\/li>\n
      • mobiliser l\u2019ensemble des acteurs pour produire un sc\u00e9nario le plus r\u00e9aliste possible\u00a0;<\/li>\n
      • nouer des relations entre acteurs de secteurs diff\u00e9rents pour faciliter la coordination de la r\u00e9ponse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Mais il faut bien \u00eatre conscient que SEQUANA ne sera pas forc\u00e9ment un aboutissement en tant que tel mais bien le d\u00e9but d\u2019une prise de conscience g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e qui aura des effets b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques sur les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir.<\/p>\n

        Le sc\u00e9nario de crise d\u2019une crue centennale est un excellent sc\u00e9nario pour renforcer la r\u00e9silience de son entreprise, des processus et des collaborateurs tant les impacts sont globaux et la complexit\u00e9 des solutions \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre est importante. Toutefois, malgr\u00e9 toutes les pr\u00e9parations et anticipations possibles, il faut rappeler que ce sc\u00e9nario dispose de nombreux al\u00e9as et d\u2019inconnues imposant \u00e0 chaque acteur d\u2019adapter les dispositifs si la crise survenait. Ainsi, une strat\u00e9gie d\u2019exercices doit \u00eatre mise en place afin de tester les PCA, mais \u00e9galement pour renforcer la r\u00e9silience de l\u2019organisation et des personnes qui devront, le jour de la crise, adapter les dispositifs pr\u00e9vus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Nous l’avons vu dans la premi\u00e8re partie de cet article, le sc\u00e9nario d\u2019une crue centennale identique ou sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de 1910 est aujourd\u2019hui le sc\u00e9nario de catastrophe majeure le plus probable en \u00cele-de-France. M\u00eame si Paris est maintenant mieux…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1132,"featured_media":8736,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"page-templates\/tmpl-one.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,3225],"tags":[3293,391,3312,131],"coauthors":[2570],"class_list":["post-8801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cybersecurity-digital-trust","category-ethical-hacking-indicent-response","tag-catastrophe-naturelle","tag-continuite-dactivite","tag-crisis-management-2","tag-pca"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChoc extr\u00eame : comment se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 une crue centennale en \u00cele-de-France ? (2\/2) - RiskInsight<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.riskinsight-wavestone.com\/2016\/02\/choc-extreme-comment-se-preparer-a-une-crue-centennale-en-ile-de-france-22\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Choc extr\u00eame : comment se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 une crue centennale en \u00cele-de-France ? (2\/2) - RiskInsight\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nous l’avons vu dans la premi\u00e8re partie de cet article, le sc\u00e9nario d\u2019une crue centennale identique ou sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de 1910 est aujourd\u2019hui le sc\u00e9nario de catastrophe majeure le plus probable en \u00cele-de-France. 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