{"id":972,"date":"2011-12-13T14:45:42","date_gmt":"2011-12-13T13:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.solucominsight.fr\/?p=972"},"modified":"2014-11-28T11:16:01","modified_gmt":"2014-11-28T10:16:01","slug":"972","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.riskinsight-wavestone.com\/en\/2011\/12\/972\/","title":{"rendered":"L’open data, une opportunit\u00e9 au del\u00e0 du domaine gouvernemental"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

L\u2019open data des donn\u00e9es publiques est dans l\u2019actualit\u00e9 depuis quelques mois. Le portail public data.gouv.fr a ouvert le 6 d\u00e9cembre 2011\u00a0; il met \u00e0 disposition un premier ensemble de donn\u00e9es de l\u2019Etat sous des formats simples et exploitables par le grand public. Une occasion d\u2019\u00e9voquer les applications de l\u2019open data au niveau de l\u2019Etat et des collectivit\u00e9s territoriales, mais \u00e9galement dans d\u2019autres secteurs,\u00a0 notamment le transport.<\/em><\/p>\n

L’open data<\/em>, dans le giron de l’open gouvernement
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019open data<\/em> se rattache \u00e0 des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes plus larges, au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019ouverture des donn\u00e9es publiques. L\u2019open knowledge<\/em> couvre ainsi tous les champs des connaissances depuis les donn\u00e9es scientifiques, les donn\u00e9es priv\u00e9es ou publiques, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation litt\u00e9raire ou musicale. L\u2019open data<\/em> \u00ab\u00a0publique\u00a0\u00bb est une part de l\u2019open governement\u00a0; il s\u2019agit d\u2019une philosophie de pratique politique, bas\u00e9e sur la transparence de l\u2019action publique et la participation des citoyens \u00e0 l\u2019action publique. B Obama a fait de l\u2019open governmen<\/em>t un axe fort de sa campagne en 2009\u00a0; les USA et le Royaume-Uni sont les pays pionniers en ce domaine. La France, et d\u2019autres pays dans le monde, ne sont pas forc\u00e9ment tr\u00e8s en retard puisque l\u2019open data est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne qui ne fait que d\u00e9marrer.<\/p>\n

Des enjeux\u00a0 avant-tout politiques et \u00e9conomiques<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019enjeu de l\u2019open data<\/em> public est d\u2019abord politique\u00a0: transparence des politiques publiques, valorisation de l\u2019action publique, participation des citoyens. \u00ab\u00a0Lib\u00e9rer\u00a0\u00bb les donn\u00e9es publiques, \u00ab\u00a0rendre\u00a0\u00bb les donn\u00e9es publiques aux citoyens, c\u2019est le cr\u00e9do et cela semble \u00eatre une \u00e9vidence. C\u2019est en tous cas le moyen de favoriser un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de citoyens, journalistes, chercheurs, qui vont utiliser les donn\u00e9es publiques ouvertes pour faire leur m\u00e9tier de journalisme d\u2019une nouvelle fa\u00e7on \u2013 on parle de \u00ab\u00a0data journalisme\u00a0\u00bb -, analyser les politiques publiques par les chiffres, confronter les informations les unes aux autres, etc.<\/p>\n

L\u2019enjeu est aussi \u00e9conomique. L\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique est un enjeu en soi, avec les emplois qui y sont potentiellement associ\u00e9s. Le pari est que la richesse des donn\u00e9es publiques rendues disponibles va inciter des entrepreneurs \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper de nouveaux services pour les citoyens. Le domaine du transport public est significatif sur ce plan. L\u2019agglom\u00e9ration de Rennes a ouvert un concours d\u2019applications web mobiles d\u00e9but 2011 sur la base des donn\u00e9es de transport public fournies par son exploitant Keolis. Le concours a \u00e9t\u00e9 un succ\u00e8s \u2013 50 applications r\u00e9alis\u00e9es, certaines ont trouv\u00e9 leur public, quelques entreprises ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 une activit\u00e9 \u00e0 cette occasion -, et fait figure d\u2019exemple dans l\u2019open data fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n

Panorama des initiatives en cours au niveau fran\u00e7ais
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019ouverture de data.gouv.fr est une \u00e9tape importante. La mission Etalab, rattach\u00e9e au secr\u00e9tariat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du gouvernement, pilote un plan d\u2019actions avec chaque minist\u00e8re depuis plusieurs mois, pour rendre disponible les donn\u00e9es. Il ne faut pas oublier, d\u2019autre part, que certains \u00e9tablissements tels que l\u2019INSEE et l\u2019IGN mettent historiquement \u00e0 disposition de fa\u00e7on gratuite ou payante de nombreux jeux de donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Un sujet important \u00e9tait justement la gratuit\u00e9. Le gouvernement a tranch\u00e9, dans la logique qui pr\u00e9vaut actuellement dans le monde\u00a0: les donn\u00e9es open data publiques sont gratuites. Seules certaines donn\u00e9es repr\u00e9sentant un investissement fort de l\u2019\u00e9tat peuvent \u00eatre factur\u00e9es. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019exceptions d\u00e9cid\u00e9es par le premier ministre. L\u2019INSEE et l\u2019IGN ont engag\u00e9 une analyse de leurs donn\u00e9es commercialis\u00e9es, afin de se conformer \u00e0 cette nouvelle donne.<\/p>\n

Si l\u2019Etat montre la voie, les collectivit\u00e9s territoriales n’ont pas attendu pour d\u00e9marrer leurs propres initiatives. De nombreux sites internet consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00a0l\u2019open dat<\/em>a territorial sont ouverts, avec des donn\u00e9es \u00e9lectorales, urbanistiques, sociales, sur le transport, etc. – voir la carte de France de l\u2019open data mise \u00e0 jour sur http:\/\/libertic.wordpress.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Quand le secteur transport s’empare de l’open data
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le transport est un domaine d\u2019activit\u00e9 cl\u00e9 pour l\u2019open data<\/em>, particuli\u00e8rement en ce qui concerne l\u2019information voyageur. Les collectivit\u00e9s territoriales et leurs r\u00e9seaux de transport sont en effet confront\u00e9s \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de mettre en place une information voyageur performante, pour accompagner le \u00ab\u00a0report modal\u00a0\u00bb de la voiture vers le transport en commun. L\u2019open data<\/em> est une formidable opportunit\u00e9 pour eux\u00a0; \u00e0 l\u2019instar du projet de Rennes \u00e9voqu\u00e9 plus haut,\u00a0 l\u2019information voyageur est port\u00e9e par de multiples acteurs \u2013 publics, priv\u00e9s ou associatifs -, elle est agr\u00e9g\u00e9e dans des syst\u00e8mes de calculs d\u2019itin\u00e9raires multimodaux, au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de la collectivit\u00e9, de l\u2019exploitant du r\u00e9seau de transport et des clients voyageurs, mieux inform\u00e9s, mieux servis. Un int\u00e9r\u00eat dont t\u00e9moigne l’ouverture r\u00e9cente du site\u00a0 Open data<\/em> de la SNCF\u00a0: http:\/\/data.sncf.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

A visiter : www.data.gouv.fr<\/a> , www.data.gov<\/a>, www.data.gov.uk<\/a><\/p>\n

Autre article sur le m\u00eame sujet<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019open data des donn\u00e9es publiques est dans l\u2019actualit\u00e9 depuis quelques mois. Le portail public data.gouv.fr a ouvert le 6 d\u00e9cembre 2011\u00a0; il met \u00e0 disposition un premier ensemble de donn\u00e9es de l\u2019Etat sous des formats simples et exploitables par le…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":54,"featured_media":6343,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"page-templates\/tmpl-one.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35,34,42],"tags":[228,229,230,219,227,226],"coauthors":[846],"class_list":["post-972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-strategie-projets-it","category-strategie-d-entreprise","category-transport","tag-collectivites","tag-data-gouv-fr","tag-information-voyageur","tag-open-data","tag-open-gouvernement","tag-transport-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL'open data, une opportunit\u00e9 au del\u00e0 du domaine gouvernemental - RiskInsight<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.riskinsight-wavestone.com\/en\/2011\/12\/972\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L'open data, une opportunit\u00e9 au del\u00e0 du domaine gouvernemental - RiskInsight\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019open data des donn\u00e9es publiques est dans l\u2019actualit\u00e9 depuis quelques mois. 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